Abstrakt
DOI: https://doi.org/10.26333/sts.xxxvi2.03
Insinuations are indirect speech acts done for various reasons: a speaker S may insinuate P (i) because an insinuation is more polite, and S can save face by non-explicitly saying P (Brown, Levinson, 1987; Searle, 1975), (ii) because S can deny having insinuated P and avoid the responsibility of explicitly stating P, or (iii) because S perceives herself to be in a competitive rather than cooperative conversation, and she wants to pursue her interests strategically (Asher, Lascarides, 2013; Camp, 2018; Lee, Pinker, 2010; Pinker et al., 2008). These views assume that to insinuate P, S must also intend to use the deniability of P for dealing with a possible non-cooperative hearer. I argue that this requirement is too strong and falls short of accounting for cases in which S intentionally performs a deniable indirect speech act, but S has no intention to use that deniability.
Bibliografia
Asher, N., Lascarides, A. (2013). Strategic Conversation. Semantics & Pragmatics, 6, 1–62.
Attardo, S. (1997). Locutionary and Perlocutionary Cooperation: The Perlocutionary Principle. Journal of Pragmatics, 27, 753–779.
Austin, J. L. (1962). How to Do Things with Words, 1955 William James Lectures. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Bach, K., Harnish, R. M. (1979). Linguistic Communication and Speech Acts. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press.
Ball, B. (2022). Speech Acts, Actions, and Events. In P. Stalmaszczyk (Ed.), The Cambridge Handbook of the Philosophy of Language (pp. 335–348). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Bell, D. (1997). Innuendo. Journal of Pragmatics, 27, 35–59.
Bertuccelli Papi, M. (1996). Insinuating: the Seduction of Unsaying. Pragmatics, 6(2), 191–204.
Brown, P., Levinson, S. (1987). Politeness: Some Universals in Language Usage. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Camp, E. (2018). Insinuation, Common Ground, and the Conversational Record. In D. Fogal, D. W. Harris, M. Moss (Eds.), New Work on Speech Acts (pp. 40–66). Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press.
Choi, S., Fara, M. (2021). Dispositions. In E. N. Zalta (Ed.), The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2021 Edition). Retrieved from: https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2021/entries/dispositions/
Clark, H., Brennan, S. (1991). Grounding in Communication. In L. B. Resnick, J. M. Levine, S. D. Teasley (Eds.), Perspectives on Socially Shared Cognition (pp. 127–49). Washington: APA Books.
Fogal, D., Harris, D. W., Moss, M. (2018). New Work on Speech Acts. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press.
Fricker, E. (2012). Stating and Insinuating. Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, 86(1), 61–94.
Fraser, B. (2001). An Account of Innuendo. In I. Kenesei, R. M. Harnish (Eds.), Perspectives on Semantics, Pragmatics, and Discourse (pp. 321–336). Amsterdam/ Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing.
Grice, P. H. (1957). Meaning. Philosophical Review, 66(3), 377–388.
Grice, P. H. (1975). Logic and Conversation. In P. Cole, J. L. Morgan (Eds.), Syntax and Semantics Vol. III: Speech Acts (pp. 187–210). New York: Academic Press.
Harris, D. W., Fogal, D., Moss, M. (2018). Speech Acts: The Contemporary Theoretical Landscape. In D. W. Harris, D. Fogal, M. Moss (Eds.), New Work on Speech Acts (pp. 1–39). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
Lee, J., Pinker, S. (2010). Rationales for Indirect Speech: The Theory of the Strategic Speaker. Psychological Review, 117(3), 785–807.
Lewis, D. (1979). Scorekeeping in a Language Game. Journal of Philosophical Logic, 8(1), 339–359.
Lewis, D. (1997). Finkish Dispositions. The Philosophical Quarterly, 47(187), 143–158.
Oswald, S. (2022). Insinuation is Committing. Journal of Pragmatics, 198, 158–170.
Parret, H. (1993). Indirection, Manipulation and Seduction in Discourse. In H. Parret (Ed.), Pretending to Communicate (pp. 223–238). Berlin, New York: De Gruyter.
Pinker, S., Nowak, M., Lee, J. (2008). The Logic of Indirect Speech. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 105(3), 833–838.
Searle, J. (1975). Indirect Speech Acts. In P. Cole, J. L. Morgan (Ed.), Syntax and Semantics Vol. III: Speech Acts (pp. 59–82). New York: Academic Press.
Sperber, D., Wilson, D. (1995). Relevance: Communication and Cognition. Oxford: Blackwell.
Stalnaker, R. (2014). Context. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Strawson, P. E. (1964). Intention and Convention in Speech Acts. In S. Davis, Pragmatics (pp. 290–304). New York: Oxford University Press.
Terkourafi, M. (2011). The Puzzle of Indirect Speech. Journal of Pragmatics, 43(11), 2861–2865.